DETOXICATION OF THIOURACIL BY S-METHYLATION

Comparative detoxication. The detoxication of aromatic acids by invertebrates: detection of agmatine conjugates in scorpions.

1. Benzoic acid and p-nitrobenzoic acid were converted in the scorpion Palamnaeus into N(1)-benzoylagmatine and N(1)-p-nitrobenzoylagmatine. 2. Some benzoyl- and p-nitrobenzoyl-arginine were also formed and these compounds were probable precursors of the agmatine derivatives. 3. p-Nitrobenzoyl- and p-aminobenzoyl-arginine were formed in millipedes dosed with the aromatic acids. 4. Woodlice excr...

Chemoprevention by inducers of carcinogen detoxication enzymes.

One of the major mechanisms of chemical protection against carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and other forms of toxicity mediated by electrophiles is the induction of enzymes involved in their metabolism, particularly phase 2 enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases, and NAD(P)H:quinone reductase. Furthermore, induction of phase 2 enzymes appear...

Thiouracil in Thyrotoxicosis

Enzymatic synthesis of thiouracil riboside and thiouracil desoxyriboside.

In a survey of various substrates for pyrimidine nucleoside synthesis, it was noted that inorganic orthophosphate was released when 2-thiouracil and desoxyribose-l-phosphate were incubated together with thymidine phosphorylase (1). This finding, taken as a fairly certain indication of nucleoside synthesis, has now been fully substantiated by isolation and characterization of crystalline thioura...

TLR2 Controls Intestinal Carcinogen Detoxication by CYP1A1

Intestinal cytochrome P450 subclass 1A1 (CYP1A1) contributes to a metabolic "shield" protecting the host from ingested carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The expression of CYP1 (including CYP1A2 and CYP1B1) is considered to depend solely on a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT). So f...